"...the world you see is yours, because it is different for everyone else."

About Evon

My photo
I am a photographer, a sometimes writer, a gamer, a driver and more. I graduated from Central Michigan University with a double major in Journalism(Photo) and English(Creative Writing). Any Photos are copyright Ryan Evon, The Facts or the Morning Sun 2010/2011/2012. All words by, representing and claimed by Ryan Evon & only him, unless in quotation marks & specified otherwise.

Wednesday, February 15, 2012

Can't think of a clever title

See, I'm back in less then two months. Hurray for me.

Since I've been gone from the blog I've been playing some games, using a few of them to actually connect with my friends who are far, far away. (Everyone move down here, it's warm!)

But I have actually spent the last few weeks with my mind obsessed with a possible business idea. I honestly felt like a genius, because I'd never heard about anything like it before, I even searched the internet and found nothing similar. So I spent the better part of a day frantically scrawling down details and plans, imagining what could happen if it took off.

The next day, first thing in the morning, I did another search and found a very similar idea. It broke my heart. But it looks like it's not exactly working for them...so I've adjusted my idea and we'll see if I ever actually get to the point where I seriously consider talking about it with people.

Anyway, on to some photos.


Swimming is fun to shoot, but I've said that before.
The one below I've been thinking about for awhile; getting someone completely underwater from over them.  It didn't work exactly like I wanted, but I think it's a good first attempt.  The water distorted her face, but I like the way it curved her and the lines.



I believe I've mentioned it previously, but my favorite sport to shoot is boxing.  Probably because it's just fun to watch from right next to the ring, but also because I don't cover it often.


The story is about the guy on the right, Terrance Woods. He will be boxing on ESPN2 or 3 on Friday, I believe.  He seemed pretty damn good.  They were having him box for eight rounds, with different guys every couple rounds, so they stayed fresh and he had to deal with it.   In his sixth or seventh round they put in a really big dude and after Woods got a few good shots the guy just kept running away; actually almost turning around to move faster a few times. I wish I had those channels.


A cool shot that didn't run because it was a junior varsity kid (boo!). Very intense.


This little girl was the first place female finisher in a local 10k and her dad still gave her a hard time about being slow. Sports parents are jerks.




She was playing a game where you keep a feather floating by blowing before it gets too far down.


Didn't run. Double boo.

That's it for now. I was going to post a shot I took so I could tell the story of how I almost got run over by a car.

But that's the story, I was shooting tailgating and was crouching in a driveway packed full of cars and the guy didn't see me and started to drive his Escalade into my back.
No harm though.

Thursday, February 9, 2012

Glowing water & seeing the world

Part of why I love journalism is getting to learn things and see things that other people don't.

Since moving to Texas I've learned several things: Barbecue is not just a sauce, people here think I sound funny and you have to watch out where you step because fire ants SUCK!

I also learned that water can glow.

After seeing it I remembered Tom Hanks talking about glowing algae in Apollo 13, but I still kept thinking "this can't be real."

It would be a huge news story if it were from any of the chemical plants down here, but it is just bioluminescent algae.

One of the reporters had an article about it, but it ran before I got my pictures. I got to the beach pretty late, so I guess it had dulled down some, but it was amazing looking.

The fog kind of made it harder to shoot, but I tried.



A guy that was on the jetty fishing said that earlier in the night it was really bright. Makes me bummed it missed it a little.

I went back the next two nights to see if it would come back, but it was gone. With hindsight I realize I could have spent more time there, I was tired and hungry...sure, but if I had known it was the last time I might see something like that I could have sat there all night.
In the haze lit sick orange by plant towers in the distance, I was just sitting there, hearing the sounds of invisible black waves coming in from the wide, wide gulf. I would then see this pale blue eruption of light burst into existence as the wave crested and churned the algae into a dance that made them visible.
Seeing it was probably one of the more breathtaking sights I've ever witnessed.

I know I'm a photo guy, but cameras truly and absolutely do not do some things justice. If it wouldn't have been foggy, maybe I could have captured a closer comparison to what I saw, but that's not the point. I often see people looking at the world through their cameras, phones or whatever. That's not the way you do it!

You have to see the world, then you document it.
I want to just yank it out of their hands and tell them;
"Just look! Soak it all in, because your camera phone is not doing justice to the amazing thing you are seeing. Look at the world with your eyes, capture it with your memory.
Some things are too rare and fleeting for cameras to truly represent, only the unfiltered eye can appreciate the depth and width of the world we have that can be so pure and surprising.
Your pictures should remind you of what you actually saw, not just be a product of what you pointed a camera at and pushed a button.
Make a true and beautiful mental image of these scenes; your kids, a game, the beach, your true life.
Because if you use a tiny lens to truly see and remember your life when drop that phone in the toilet you are really going to be pissed."

Friday, February 3, 2012

Rumors of my death have been exaggerated

Yes, I am in fact still alive.

I've been a swirling mix of busy, bored to death not busy, completely engulfed by some video games and tired. Most of these situations have also had a nice coating of pain from a re-occurring back pain that makes me so angry that I attach the hate to what I am currently doing.

It has some complicated thoughts and evaluations of my lot in life. But in moments of pain or the sweet joy of...not pain I still take photos.

I have quite the backlog to post, but luckily I have just put together my end-of-year contest submissions. I have total control over my National Press Photographers submission, but the ones through the paper were chosen from my initial selection by people I will admit I don't entirely trust as far as photo critiquing goes.

I love having eyes other than my own to look at my stuff, so I can get a unattached opinion, but if it is someone that has told me to stop doing my job creatively...well, come on.

Anyway, things are progressing.

I will admit in the months since my last post my passion for journalism is waning, which breaks my fucking heart. But I'm not sure how much validity to give to my thoughts right now, because I seem to have lapsed into one of my angry Ryan phases. It's been a long time since I've been in one and I have to say I used to kind of enjoy the distance it provided me from real self evaluation. But this one is different and I don't like it. So I've turned back to one of my old favorite venting techniques (besides video games), writing. Which is partially why I am clicking the keys right now.

Even if I hold back some of what I want to say, the process of just writing what is currently running through my head is like opening a gate to release the flood waters. Because at any moment something stark and truthful might just appear on the screen. Usually I will backspace over it, because this is a public forum and I don't want the entire world (Hi, world!) to know everything I think. But it works like those letters you write and then never send. Venting.

Okay, so here are some of what I think are my best work from the year that I haven't already posted. As I'm loading the photos on I may describe what I did or the story behind the image, if it is interesting.

I'll start with what I think is my favorite shot from the year.

100111 marines5
Shot an event for a bunch of Marines returning from Afghanistan, but got there an hour and a half before they actually showed up. So I had some time to wander around and find interesting photos. I like almost everything about this photo.
092411 fire training1 ran9-26
Firefighter training. I felt brave standing right under this mock roof that they were swinging an axe into.
100111 habitat 1

101311 angleton pep 1

080511 taekwondo1
This is was a freaking awesome event. This local taekwondo studio hosted a squad from Korea that did some straight-up Matrix kung-fu shit. Jumping off a couple dudes to kick a board held on the top dude on a pyramid of STANDING people! I got some sweet stuff I was out loud saying "holy shit" about every other setup that they did. Then I got back to the office and my memory card corrupted and I lost every picture except this one and another. It was LAME!

101511 parade 1

102211 fair chicken 1
He was trying to choke the chicken...too easy

111011 11 on 11 1
He turned 11 on 11/11/11

122211 vet dad 1

113011 angleton fball 2
Ending with my favorite sports shot of the year. Trying to do this same effect with a different runningback but the shot never worked with that kid.

Well, that's it for now.

I've had some decent stuff in January, including driving to Houston just to shoot tailgating at the Texans playoff game. It was kind of tease, but then I almost got run over by a car...so there was that.

I'll get to that stuff soon...hopefully. Or maybe in six months. :D

Saturday, July 16, 2011

Wedding Shots

Went back to America's High Five for the wedding of Chad and Kathryn. It was a good time. Took a week, shot some stuff, had fun seeing some people.

Here are some photos:
Groomsmen005
Re-created the poster from Tombstone...sort of.

Groomsmen009-yellow
Groomsmen011
Groomsmen016-x-contrast
I may have photoshopped myself into this photo because I forgot to actually get in one of these group shots.

PreC-Lit-001
The Groom
PreC-Lit-003
The Bride
PreC-Lit-005
Awwww.

PreCeremony008
PreCeremony026
PreCeremony029
PreCeremony053

PreCeremony062
Doing the extended group portraits for weddings is not something I like to do. But I kind of wish I had done them all for this wedding, because I saw the other photographer's attempts at them...

Ceremony033
Reception007
Ceremony024

Been very lazy with the updates lately.

I wish I had a good excuse, but I don't. I've been lazy with pretty much everything lately.

Sorry. :D

I'll try to kick my ass back into gear.

Monday, June 13, 2011

Austin Town

Spent three days in Austin a few weeks ago shooting state softball finals and just spent two days around there this weekend shooting the baseball equivalent.

Austin is my new favorite town in the world. It's a good size, there is a ton of cool places and it just has a character I haven't found in other towns.

The both teams that won the state championships, Danbury softball and Brazoswood Baseball, kind of adopted me as a member of the teams by the end of the weekend.

Probably in the way when you see a sad looking dog standing outside in the heat you feel a little sad. I was soaked through with sweat within the first 10 minutes of the game and would slink into the dugout in between innings to find some respite from the completely unfiltered, unrelenting hellish sky bitch; aka the sun.

I was smart enough to wear sun screen, but I still got a little burnt on my forearms, which are already more brown then they have ever been in my life from my time here.

It was around 100, sunny and beautiful both weekends. The humidity DOES make a difference, but 100 is still hot. 100 in Austin felt about as comfortable as 90 where I live.

I did a video for the stories on both championship teams. The Danbury one was basic and the video camera I was using is a piece of crap, so it was frustrating.

The video for Brazoswood was way better even though I had to use IMovie, which I hate with a passion.

I had a neat idea for the start of the video and it worked exactly like I wanted. I love when that happens.

_RME3958

I taped the little video camera to the end of a baseball bat while they were warming up and had one of their big hitters take a couple swings with it. I had to slow it down a bit for the video, but it looks cool.




Here is a mix of photos from the weekends. Enjoy.

060411 Danbury soft1
060411 Danbury soft3
060411 Danbury soft6
061011 bwood base2
_RME5068
061111 bwood base8
061111 bwood base2

Monday, May 30, 2011

Go ahead, judge me!

Got to go to Houston on Saturday for work.

I tried to get in town earlier than I needed to be, and as I was starting to explore a bit I realize I had to leave. Oh well.

052811 bwood base4-web

I'm trying to make more of an effort to enter work in monthly clip contests. I re-joined the National Press Photographer's Association. Also the Associated Press for my region sent an email letting members know that they are going to start a monthly contest, and if you send your stuff in to share on the wire they will add the photos in the contest. Which is cool, because I wanted to start sending my stuff out on the wire anyway. Two birds.

BUT! Stuff has to be published to be eligible for the NPPA contest. Luckily I've kind of got around the problem of cool shots not getting in the paper. Everything is uploaded to the print gallery for sale, but that doesn't count as "published" for contests. So I've started uploading them to the stories on the website.

Last post I put up my photoshop shot of the softball catchers. The next day I went in and re-did the lettering part on the jersey. I thought that really tied it all together.
052411 sweeny columbia mash-web
And...it didn't run! Imagine that

On Saturday I shot the game this was meant to preview and showed one of the catchers and my phone disappeared for awhile into a crowd of excited high school girls. I thought I'd get it back and it would have been made over with curlers and lipstick, but it was fine.

In between games I had to drive about a half hour or so. The first didn't end until the second one started, so I was trying to hurry and I was also in a part of Houston I was not familiar with at all.

Yep. Got pulled over. Figured it would be for speeding, but as I was pulling off the expressway so the officer didn't have to stand on the tiny shoulder I realized he was coming up on me before I even got up to speed. What the hell?

Apparently there was a red light I didn't see and blew right through it. I really wanted to go back and see where it was, because I totally saw the yellow one I blew through, but it was yellow. But then I had to figure out which bit of curvy road crammed between overpasses, so it is possible there was a light there, but if there was I have no idea why it was there.

But I could tell the officer was pleased with my demeanor, behavior and genuine displeasure from having run a red light. After taking my license and insurance (and pronouncing my name right, which I told him I was impressed by) he just handed them right back and told me to have a nice day.

I was totally ready to eat a careless driving ticket, because I felt sick to my stomach after he told me my mistake, but he was a decent man and I behaved as I have been taught. Thanks, Papa Dush. :D

My Xbox finally died. :( I beat the story in LA Noire first though, so it wasn't as frustrating as it could have been.

Luckily, this month I am kicking ass at reprints. So I think I might be able to pick one up. I was going to just buy a used one from a pawn shop, but they are all the old ones like I have for about the same price as the new redesigned one. So if I take this months reprint money and do at all well in the next couple months, I should be able to swing it without upsetting my bill paying regiment.

On another money spending front I have been upset over the last couple months because I am flying up for a wedding in July and within a month's span of looking for plane tickets the prices DOUBLED! Frustration and desperation were all over in my head. I'm not going to miss it, but I really didn't want to put more crap on my credit card.

But luckily, I looked last week and prices have come back down. Probably because all those planes having cracks in them. I don't care if I have to hang on to the wing the whole way, just get me there.

I'm thinking of a plan for my next trip up, which will be in October for another wedding. If I can finally get a motorcycle endorsement I'd like to fly up and ride my bike back. It will be a hell of a ride and will likely cut my time in Michigan quite a bit short.

But I'm still thinking about it.

Wednesday, May 25, 2011

Short stop to write about softball...get it?

Had a few shots from one assignment today that I like.

Two local rival softball teams are facing each other in the playoffs to see who goes to state. It's pretty cool and we are doing a preview story the day of the game and I got to try some ideas for photos.

My first idea was to have a player from each team sliding toward the same base, from opposite sides. But I didn't want to get the girls dirty before doing other shots, so I worked on some other ideas. Had them face each other in a menacing fashion, which just turned into gigglefest 2011. I had also thought about cutting two players in the same position down the middle. So I shot that with the catchers, it kind of worked.

mix mash 1-web
As I was splicing the two girls together I did the faces last. It started creeping me out, blending their masks together and the two different colored eyes staring at me.
mix mash 1-web2

I don't like to do "Photoshopping" that often, but with the right idea you can do something cool.


This was my first idea. It mostly worked, except the girl on the left kept going farther and farther away from the other girl. It was annoying.
052411 sweeny columbia soft1-web

It was funny because I thought the girls would be stand-offish with each other and all that because of the rivalry. But they were joking, having a good time and getting really excited as I explained my ideas for the photos. So that was cool.

***

On Sunday a few of us from the paper got together to play softball against some team from somewhere, I don't know. We had never played together, I've never actually played softball before, or practiced at all. So imagine the surprise when...we lost. Like, pretty bad.

We had some good showing, offensively. I think I had five at bats, got out once cause I hit it right to the pitcher, but I mostly did alright. Got a few RBIs and scored a few times.

But defensively we were in rough shape. I couldn't catch a damned thing, only a few of us could. But most of us had a blast and I hope we can actually start practicing before we try to play anyone again. I need to work on my fielding.

Before the game I was told the field was beer friendly. So I grabbed a few and a cheap cooler, just in case I needed to replenish some lost water and carbs.

Well in the third inning, I think, I sat down after scoring a run and cracked open a Shiner on the bench. The other teams girl on first looked at me funny and I was confused, but happy to have a tasty drink.

It wasn't until after the game that someone noticed the sign in the dugout that I had actually been sitting right under while drinking a beer. :D
me-alcoholsign
Photo by Alex Ybarra

Pretty funny.

Saturday, May 21, 2011

GAMES: The truth shall set you free. LA Noire XBOX 360

For less than a week now LA Noire has owned my thoughts and free time.

Little bits had been slowly dripping out about Noire before it released and I was in a rabid froth to try out my detective chops by Monday night at midnight (yes, I'm one of those people...but unlike the others I bathe on more than a bi-monthly basis).

Being a Rockstar product I was expecting certain overlap from Grand Theft Auto 4. The kind of clunky character movement, the insane amount detail on an actual cities worth of people, cars and buildings, and of course an interesting story.

I was hoping Noire wouldn't be bogged down by the "real life activities" that plagued GTA 4. Every ten seconds some jerk was calling you wanting to hang out or go bowling. Luckily it isn't, because cell phones weren't around in the 40s-50s (really kids...they weren't). So people would often go whole days without letting friends, let alone the world, know where they were eating lunch or what they thought about the latest movie...as they were still sitting there watching it.

In Noire there isn't much personal time of the protagonist. There is a story element, but nothing you get to play.

A bit of that would have made it more immersive. One simple thing I think would have been cool to feature is something I as a journalist, who grew up around cops, have experienced and witnessed on a number of occasions.

The 2 a.m. call.

Jobs like police, fire, EMS, and yes...journalists, require the sacrifice of having to run out your front door at an insane time of day to respond to a tragic event. These jobs demand that kind of dedication. Even if they had just been a cutscene or two where you have sit down to a nice dinner and then BAM, phone rings and you have to leave while shoving bread into your face on your way out the door. Or just get home to spend time with the family and your wife is standing with the phone in her hand, looking pretty fed up, because your boss is calling to tell you another body has been found.

One more piece, and this again is one of experience, "gearing up" to go to work can be an exciting experience. I don't know if it would translate in a video game, but for a beat cop (photographer) to put on all that gear before heading out the door makes it seem like more than a job. Especially since the main character in Noire was a WWII soldier, the juxtaposition would have been an interesting story piece early on in the game.

Just some thoughts, now on to actual stuff.

This game is the progress of the video game industry not only growing up with a large percentage of its client base, but also getting closer to a game I dreamed up while I was still in high school. There are elements here that I never could have imagined, like the face recording technology that is a key feature of this game, but a game where you work as a cop and rise through the ranks...totally my idea. I probably still have the notebook with my notes about it from forever ago. Way to catch up, Rockstar. :D


The Cases that you work through are all different, but the formula is much the same. Procedural, as it were. But that doesn't stop them from being interesting and making me want to catch the deviant bastard out there killing people in my town!

Collecting evidence is fun for me. I don't think everyone will like it, but I do. It is a slow process, that often requires thought and attention to detail. So hardcore blow em up shooter fans would probably be wise to steer clear. Because you can pick up all sorts of things that obviously aren't clues, but some crime scenes have a bunch of stuff that you can investigate and then end up not using. The thing that seems like it should be a vital piece might not come into play until way down the line.

The interrogation sequences are much the same. You have to think and observe. Putting all the pieces together. Reading the faces of the suspects is easy sometimes but can be very difficult at other times because, like real people, some of them are good liars and some aren't. You have to figure out which is which AND have the evidence to back it up if you accuse them of lying.

I wish I was strong enough to just let the game happen, like a real story. But sometimes I get suckered by these lyin' sumbitches and my interview goes to hell...so I quit and start over from a checkpoint. Most of the time it's because the evidence I picked to prove them wrong isn't the right evidence for some reason. "Oh, the bloody socket wrench doesn't prove anything...really?"

A preview of what line of questioning Phelps is going to use when accusing them of a lie would help a lot. Because a few times I was sure that whatever evidence proved they were lying, but my character's line ended up referencing some other thing that I didn't have.

If they had a "hardcore mode" where you couldn't quit and come back from a checkpoint I probably would have played it, but since the option is there I want to see what the hell I did wrong.

Because it is really a lot of pressure.

Jesus, I almost wrote "I had a case where...", see it's immersive.

There was a case where you have two suspects, each pointing a finger at the other, evidence is pretty close to the middle and I sat there just staring at the screen after I had interviewed them trying to figure out which one had done it. It weighed on me and now I know I picked the wrong one...but you will too if you play, I guarantee it. But I don't want to give anything away. If you make it that far on the homicide desk you should already have a gut feeling something sinister is lurking.

The interview/interrogations could use a few other options. When a suspect/witness makes a statement there are three options. Truth, Doubt and Lie. I would like a "threaten" option, which kind of happens with doubt sometimes...but not like I want. "Tell me the truth or I'm going to pound your head into this table, you shit!"

And then of course if they still lie, WHAM!

Though I like to stick to the straight and narrow in games like this, I would like to try beating a confession out of a suspect...for realism to the time period. Or to subdue a perp with a sap.

My suggestion for Rockstar would be to make a modern day version of the game. Some people would probably think it was a cheap way to make more money, but if it is a good game, who cares? I'm thinking LA Noire meets The Shield. Interrogations, Vic Mackey style! Where's my phonebook?

There is a lot of action in this thinking man's game. Tons of suspects flee; either on foot or by car. In foot they always seem to climb up stuff. Why? Where the hell are you going to go on a roof except DOWN?

Part of the fleeing is my fault. "Me" as in the character in the game. He yells "LAPD!" from like a quarter mile away. It's a rookie move. You're in a suit, walk up and latch on to the guy first! Jeez. But those action sequences can even be skipped, if that isn't your thing.

The cars handle like tanks, which is period correct, and the citizens are on the downward slide after the war, which is why this time period was chosen for LA Noire. It was some of the most violent times in the city's history.

Overall it is a masterpiece of a game. At first I was worried about the game being on three discs. I was more excited about the amount of game, but a little annoyed that I might have to insert disc 1 every time I started playing, but not so. Each disc starts the game. I assume it is the massive amount of dialogue and cutscenes that take up all the space and the actual "game" can be shoe horned into the remaining space.

I'm a visual guy and the visuals are stunning, the audio is done very nicely and the detail on the faces will hopefully set a new standard for the medium. Back when they first announced the game, years ago, I had heard a rumor it was going to be presented in black and white. That would have been awesome. But I know most people would have complained.

The depth of the game is where I really get absorbed. There is just so much stuff, when I heard they had worked for seven years on this game I was surprised, but after a half hour playing it I completely understood. You are ripping through town so often that most of the buildings are just a blur, but when you slow it down and really look you see a town. A whole town. It's insane.

I could just keep going, but I'd rather get this finished and play some more.

Sunday, May 15, 2011

"Just as soon as I belong, then it's time I Disappear"

Yeah! My first blog post from my apartment.

Yesterday was a crazy long day, as most Saturdays are turning out to be. At least I didn't have to wake up at 7a.m. to shoot some crazy bastards running.

My first assignment was a fund raiser by the Lake Jackson FD for muscular dystrophy. But it wasn't some lame banquet or anything, they were at an intersection walking between the cars at red lights.
051411 fillboot1
051411 fillboot2

It was pretty cool. They had a big ladder truck with a flag on it.
_RME6378

So I asked "can I go up in the bucket?" Of course they let me, had to walk up the ladder, which wasn't a big deal.

When I have a photo in mind I like to think I'll do just about anything to get it, and I usually do. Like this time. I walked up the big ladder to the shaky bucket and took my photos.

It's after I get the job done that I realized, "oh yeah, I hate heights." So I had to walk backwards down the big ladder with no real handrails and my camera bag swinging around. Not a lot of fun, but whatever.

Next I had softball out of town. It was a two game playoff deal, but I only had time for the first game. That is a rough, because they lost the first game, so that is the kind of shots I had. But if they won the second game (and the series) I only had a few celebration shots. Luckily (for me, not them) they lost both games.
051411 bwoodSoft1
She was the final out of the first game. They were on a rally too, it was a real bummer...so I think the photo sums it up decently.

Another softball shot from last week, it's okay. I just like the three layers of action.
051011 wcc soft1

Had two graduations to shoot yesterday. The area homeschool kids and the local college. Dow bought all the college grads Amazon Kindles, lucky jerks.

One of the homeschool kids did a sign language version of some song I've never heard of.
051411 homeschool1
Thumbs up!

051411 bc graduation1
This guy was the only one that did something fun with his cap, he took it off and pointed it at the crowd so his wife (right) could read it. Neat.

Well...that's it. I'm probably going to be incommunicado for a bit...new video game tomorrow. :D

I can't even explain how excited I am about LA Noire. It's a 40s era detective game set in Los Angeles. Supposed to be incredibly detailed, realistic and challenging. :D


So...tomorrow at midnight I will disappear from the known world for awhile. :D

My Xbox tried to die on me again today though. I also can't explain the frustration that I felt. :D But I cooked it again, appears to be working for now.

I had originally got Tuesday off, because I know me and I'll be playing for quite awhile and will be exhausted on Tuesday. But unfortunately something came up and now I have to work. :(

But not til later on Tuesday...so I'll manage to keep the digital streets of LA safe for a little while.

Personally, I feel good lately. I've been riding my bike everyday, except for an incident with a nail on Thursday, and usually doing some exercise at home after that.

Down to 190 for the first time since high school. I don't know where it is going, because I think I look the same...still a little pudgy in the middle. Oh well.



Oh, I've been crappy about responding to comments on here and by email. I apologize.

I'm going to try to make more of an effort, because I really, really appreciate the correspondence and feedback.

-R